小中大锂离子电池-Lithium-Ion Batteries Solid-Electrolyte Interphase
LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES: SOLID-ELECTROLYTE INTERPHASE
editors
Perla B. Balbuena
Yixuan Wang
University of South Carolina
Advances in science and engineering related to the emerging technologies of
lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been so spectacular in the past decade that they
have become the most popular power source for portable computing and
telecommunication equipment. LIBs are simply essential for the constantly
increasing demands of our information-rich society. It is expected that LIBs
will continue to drive large market shares, and that new applications of LIBs
such as powering electric and hybrid electric vehicles will flourish after a series
of improvements resulting from current research efforts.
A typical commercial lithium-ion battery system consists of a
carbonaceous anode, an organic electrolyte that acts as an ionic path between
electrodes and separates the two electrode materials, and a transition metal oxide
(such as LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and LiNiO2) cathode. Recently a variety of novel
LIB components have been proposed, like tin-based alloys and disordered
carbons as anode materials, and modifications to the conventional transition
metal-oxide cathode made by coating it with metal-oxide nanoparticles, most of
which are discussed in detail in this book.
One of the most impressive advancements in the chemistry beneath LIBs is
the understanding of the electrodes surface chemistry. It is recognized that a
passivating layer between an electrode and the electrolyte arises from the
reductive decompositions of a small amount of organic electrolytes mostly
during the first several cycles of a working cell. This layer, which behaves
similarly to a solid electrolyte interphase, was named SEI layer by Peled
(J. Electrochem. Soc., 126, 1979, p. 2047), and it is a determinant factor on the
performance of LIBs since the SEI nature and behavior affect the LIBs cyclelife,
life time, power capability, and even their safety. Therefore, the build-up of
appropriate SEI layers is an essential step in optimizing the combination of
anode-electrolyte-cathode for LIBs, either through the screening of existing
materials or developing novel ones. To this end, the better understanding of the
SEI layer formation and growth for typical LIBs systems is fundamental. This
book is designed for this purpose.
The importance of the SEI is well recognized in the scientific community,
as reflected by numerous special sessions in battery technology meetings. In
Chapters 1 through 9, this book presents the latest developments of the SEI layer
formation, growth, and characterization, including its morphology features on
various anodes and cathodes, identification of SEI layers by spectral methods,
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