X射线多晶体衍射（XRD）

xps对样品的要求有哪些？

Any solid samples can analyze in XPS.

But usually one still want to pay attention as follow:
- keep sample as it is as original as possible, do not touch by hands, keep clean as possible
- size & thickness (usually restricted by instrument, but typically like less than 60mm in diameter and 10mm in thickness)
[Ideal size is average 10mm in size and like 1-3mm in thickness]
- If its powder, better make it into pellet but not a must

- For advance handling > Check samples do not have magnetize. Easy way is to use a screw driver and touch side of sample (do not touch on analysis-face). If magnetize, use de-magnetizer to remove magnetization. This can be a big concern when instrument is using Magnetic lens so better check. Its no problem if system is using electro-static lens.

看来只能分析固体样品？

To lotuslau:
What kind of samples do you want to analyze?

There are also example for doing XPS analysis for "gas" type of samples but it is not on a typical commercial XPS instrument. Because of extremely weak signal from gas samples (low chance for a photon to hit the "gas" and generate photo electron), one will need a super high intensity X-ray to make the analysis possible. There are research studies of using the synchrotron X-ray to analyze gas samples. Even with such, analysis time would be up to ten's number of hours to make a good enough Signal-to-Noise XPS spectrum.