小中大3.3 .3 加强对数据的解析和模型构建:重视相关模式生物的研究,加强对不同技术平台中得到的数据的解析和模型构建,充分发挥生物信息学的作用。系统生物学的理想就是要得到一个尽可能接近真正生物系统的理论模型,建模过程贯穿在系统生物学研究的每一个阶段,需要实验研究和计算机模拟及理论分析的完美整合。目前这方面还面临着很大的挑战性[24],也取得了一定的进展,如系统生物学标记语言(systems biology markup language)的开发[25],系统生物学软件和数据库的开发[26, 27],新的数学方法的应用等[28]。
3.3 .4加强科研人员与临床医生的紧密合作:科学家希望通过肿瘤系统生物学的研究来解决目前临床上面临的问题,这需要科研人员与临床医生的紧密合作,更应结合循证医学,问题来自于临床并与临床资料紧密结合,再把研究成果应用于临床,以推进目前对肿瘤的诊断和治疗水平。最近,麻省理工学院(MIT)、哈佛(Harvard)与博大(Broad)基金合作建立一个耗资一亿美元的有临床医生参加的研究中心——博大研究院(The Broad Institute),其目的是推动系统生物学的研究并与临床应用相结合。
3.3 .5肿瘤资源库建立与分析:肿瘤资源库是研究的基础,为研究及时提供材料,应有目的、系统地收集和保存常见肿瘤的组织标本和血液标本等。一方面研究标本的保存技术,另一方面结合完整的临床资料加强对资源库的整理分析,实现资源的有效利用。
3.3 .6加强交流与合作,搞好教育与培训:系统生物学还是典型的多学科交叉研究,他需要生命科学、信息科学、数学、计算机科学、化学、工程学、物理学等各种学科的共同参与。还需要患者、护士、医生、政府、保险公司等合作,为了更好的合作需要开发大家都可理解的语言。
3.3 .7加大科研投入: 肿瘤系统生物学研究是一项长期的计划,因而需要大量的资金投入来保证。美国在肿瘤系统生物学方面投入了大量资金,如美国癌症研究所(NCI)提供2350 万美元支持华盛顿大学,西雅图佛瑞德.赫钦森(Fred Hutchinson)癌症研究中心(FHcrc)和系统生物学研究所去研究前列腺癌。呼吁国家和地方投入急需的研究资金。
4结语
系统论、控制论早已成功的应用于工程学,在生物学领域也早有尝试。生物学发展到今天将使系统生物学的研究成为可能,而肿瘤是一个非常复杂的生物系统,因而肿瘤系统生物学呼之欲出。世界各国都非常重视对这一领域的研究,预计将很快成为热点领域,将在攻克癌症的征途上产生深刻的影响。
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