[ 本帖最后由 NBA 于 2013-4-20 14:39 编辑 ]作者: NBA 时间: 2013-4-20 14:38
再给你些更详细的解释:
1)载玻片是最最常用的蛋白质芯片的基质材料,但是要事先经过一定的化学处理。
2)Genometrix公司的Mendoza等人采用的载玻片处理方法是先用化学试剂氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,APTES)(5%的乙醇溶液)浸泡洁净的载玻片10分钟,进行硅烷化反应,再用化学试剂进行进一步的处理,从而便于与蛋白质结合(Mendoza et al,1999)。
3)Harvard大学的MaBeath采用的则是另外一种方法,他们直接采用了美国TeleChem公司的SuperAldehyde载玻片。这种玻璃片是表面带有醛基修饰的载玻片。蛋白质N端的氨基或是其中赖氨酸所带的氨基可以和载玻片表面的醛基发生共价结合,形成希夫(Schiff)碱结构。也可以先在洁净的载玻片表面覆盖一层BSA分子,再用化学试剂对BSA进行活化。这样BSA中被活化的赖氨酸(Lys)、精氨酸(Arg)和谷氨酸(Glu)残基可以和点到载玻片上的蛋白质发生氨基偶联或是形成脲的结构。但是这种共价连接方式可能会使得固定于载玻片表面的蛋白质不能保持原始的稳定构象,从而失活。而研究表明,由于蛋白质分子与载玻片表面的连接总是通过少数几个这样的共价键形式实现的,反而有利于蛋白质以各种可能的方式展现在载玻片的表面(MacBeath et al,2000)。
4)Yale大学的Synder实验室的Zhu等人制作的世界首张酵母全蛋白组芯片也是使用载玻片为芯片的基底。他们使用高效表达载体表达并且纯化出大约5800种酵母的蛋白,由于表达出的蛋白质都带有His tag,所以他们在玻片表面使用Ni2+进行修饰,通过亲和吸附固定蛋白质分子(Zhu et al.,2001)。作者: NBA 时间: 2013-4-20 14:39
你的问题只有通过文献回答较好。
1)在研究用蛋白芯片中,很多蛋白都是实验室自己纯化的,如以下3篇巨著:Ptacek J, Nature. 2005 Dec 1;438(7068):679-84.
Hall DA, Regulation of gene expression by a metabolic enzyme.
Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):482-4.
Zhu H,Analysis of yeast protein kinases using protein chips.
Nat Genet. 2000 Nov;26(3):283-9.在偏重于临床诊断蛋白芯片中,很多蛋白可以商品化购买,比较大的可以提供人源蛋白的公司有Abnova和Genecopoeia。当然象国内喜欢做的乙肝、病毒、肿瘤标志物等,完全可以自己纯化(注意一点,国内肿瘤标志物自制成功例不多)。
1)液态芯片目前仍然处于基础研究方面,虽然已经有部分临床研究,但可能离大规模应用还有一段距离。
2)常见的应用如肿瘤、内分泌、自身免疫等的检测,也有人将其用于细胞因子谱判断。
3)下面是一些液态芯片相关经典的文献,有时间参考一下
1. Hany Ezzeldin, Yoshihiro Okamoto, Martin R. Johnson, et al. A High-qhroughput Denaturing High - Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Identification of Variant Alleles Associated with Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Analytical Biochemistry,2002,306:63 - 73..
2. Carson RT, Vignali DA. Simultaneous quantitation of 15 cytokines using a multiplexed flow cytometric assay. J Immunol Methods, 1999,30.227(1 -2) :41 -52..
3. Karlar,G. A, M. Jeddi-Tehrani, F. Shokri. Diminished Thl and Th2 cytokine production in healthy adult nonresponders to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Scand. J Immunol,2002 ,55 :311-314..
4. Taylor JD,Briley D ,Nguyen Q,et al. Flow cytometric platform for high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Biotechniques,2001.30 ( 3 ) ,661 - 666.668 - 669..
5. Wilco de Jager, Henk te Velthuis, Berent J. Prakken, et al. Simultaneous Detection of 15 Human Cytokines in a Single Sample of Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Ceils. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology,2003,10( 1 ) :133-139..
6. lannone MA.Microsphere-htsed molecular cytometry. Clin Lab Med,2001.21 (4) :731 -742..
7. Joos TO, Stoll D, Tempiin MF. Miniaturised multiplexed immunoassays. Curr Opin Chem Biol,2002,6( 1 ) :76 -80..
8. Dunbar SA, Vander zee CA, Oliver KG, et al. Quantitative, multiplexed detection of bacterial pathogens : DNA and protein applications of the Luminex Lab MAP system. J Microbiol Methods,2003,53 (2) :245 - 252..
9. David Opalka, Charles E. Lachman, Stefani A. MacMullen, et al. Simuhaneous Quantitation of Antibodies to Neutralizing Epitopes on Virus-Like Particles for Human Papillomavirus Types 6,11,16, and 18 by a Multiplexed Luminex Assay. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology,2003,10( 1 ) :108-115..作者: NBA 时间: 2013-4-20 14:49
没有想到斑竹老师这么快就给我回复,本人倍感荣幸!我们准备制作的这种芯片主要是为了实际应用,我们打算与相关公司合作开发这样的检测产品。我们的目标是快速、准确、灵敏的检测出多种(至少十种)病原体(包括病毒和细菌如霍乱弧菌、鼠疫杆菌等烈性传染病的病原体),当然要优于现有的其它检测手段,先不考虑成本。有时时间就是生命。不知可行否?我们单位有一定的经济承受能力,还可以申请到一笔科研经费。多谢赐教!盼复!作者: NBA 时间: 2013-4-20 15:05
谢谢你的分析,我现在的想法是,做这样广谱的肿瘤标记物芯片觉得特异度灵敏度还不够,可否把这个想法做专一点,比如12种标记物针对某一种特定的肿瘤,现在每种肿瘤的标定物大多都超过5种,临床主要还是应用一些免疫试剂盒来完成,如果把这些试剂盒的抗体集中一下都拿来做成一张芯片,也就是一张芯片针对一种肿瘤,是否会大大提高诊断预测的能力和术后复查的能力。有一个想法我们有点不谋而合,那就是国外的医疗制度决定的发展方向,他们大多是私人诊所,大医院的就诊量和国内不可同日而语,也许这就决定了他们芯片公司的发展方向。
让我隐隐担忧的最大的因素不是技术上的,而是国家的药品管理机构,对市场引导和管理能力之低下,“个别人员”之Fu Bai 程度令人发指。作者: NBA 时间: 2013-4-20 15:21
ACLARA BioSciences, Inc., (used to be called Soane Biosciences) Hayward, California (Plastic chips and microfluidic systems based on "Lab-On-A-Chip" microfluidics US Patent 5,750,015: "Method and device for moving molecules by the application of a plurality of electrical fields") Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" for Project: Multiplexed Sample Preparation Microsystem for DNA Diagnostics
Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, California (The technology leader; manufactures the widely used GeneChip®arrays, including HIV, p450, p53, Rat Toxicology U34 arrays, etc.)
Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
AlphaGene, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (full length cDNA FLEX? and MicroFLEX library construction; High Throughput Gene Expression Profiling; High Throughput DNA Sequencing; Bioinformatics)
Applied Precision, Inc., ssaquah, Washington. ArrayWoRx is a wide field light source based microarray scanner, combines limitless wavelength possibilites with automation and image processing software.
ArrayIt, Making DNA chip.
Axon Instruments, Inc., Foster City, California (GenePix 4000 Integrated Microarray Scanner and Analysis Software, simultaneously scans microarray slides at two wavelengths using a dual laser scanning system, displays images from two wavelengths and a ratio image as they are acquired in real time; US$50,000)
AxyS Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California: Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" Project: Liquid Array Technology Development
BioChip Technologies
bioDevice Partners, Cohasset, MA. Provides consulting services to the micorarraying community in the area of optics and instrumentation
BioDiscovery, Inc., Los Angeles, California (ImaGene?, special image processing and data extraction software)
Biomedical Photometrics, Inc., (MACROscope? for reading genetic microarrays, in collaboration with Canadian Genetic Microarray Consortium)
bioMerieux, in vitro diagnostics
BioRobotics Ltd., Comberton, Cambridge, UK (MicroGrid, for arraying oligonucleotides or cDNA clones on glass slides and plastic chips)
Brax, Cambridge, UK
Cadus Pharmaceutical Corp., Tarrytown, New York (yeast living chip)
Caliper Technologies Corp., Palo Alto, California: LabChips? based on microfluidics. Awarded $2 million contract by NIST to develop high-throughput DNA diagnostic platform. Project: Reference Laboratory LabChip? DNA Diagnostics System
Cartesian Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA. PixSys PA Series: for Automated liquid handling system for creating high-density arrays for genomics research. Scan Array 3000: A Fluorescent Imaging System for microarray biochips.
Celera, Rockville, Maryland
Cellomics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (ArrayScan?, cell-based "High Content Screening" (HCS) for drug discovery)
Cepheid Sunnyvale, California (microfluidics)
Ciphergen Biosystems, Palo Alto, California. ProteinChip? Arrays for the investigation of proteins on the femtomole scale directly from their "native" environments. Based on Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization (SELDI?).
Clinical Micro Sensors, Inc., Pasadena, California: DNA microchip-based medical diagnostics; detection of directly detect DNA via electron transfer. Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" Project: DNA Diagnostics for the Point of Care Using Electronic Nucleic Acid Detection
Clontech
Corning Science Products Division, Acton, MA provides the (Corning Microarray Technology) CMT-GAPS amino silane coated slides and CMT-Hybridization chamber.
Corvas International, Inc., (2D gel, proteomics)
CuraGen Corp., New Haven, Connecticut. GeneCalling? and Quantitative Expression Analysis (QEA?), CuraMode, CuraTox
diaDexus, LLC, Santa Clara, California. joint venture between SmithKline Beecham Corp. and Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Specialized in using microarray technology for molecular diagnostics
DNAmicroarray.com. offers complete "made to order" high density DNA microarray synthesis and analysiss services. Prices, availability, and turnaround time seem impressive.
Gel biochip
Gene Logic, Inc., Columbia, Maryland (Flow-thru ChipTM: has hundreds of thousands of discrete microscopic channels that pass completely through it. Probe molecules are attached to the inner surface of these channels, and target molecules flow through the channels, coming into close proximity to the probes. This proximity facilitates hybridization. READS?, Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Differentially-expressed Sequences, for capturing and analyzing the overall gene expression profile of a given cell or tissue type to identify drug targets)
GeneData AG (Basel, Switzerland), analysis of genomics and proteomics data: GeneData WorkBench, GeneData Expressionist.
Genemachines Genomic Instrumentation Services, Inc., Menlo Park, California (OmniGrid, glass slides or nylon membranes, similar to Dr. Pat Brown's) 作者: NBA 时间: 2013-4-20 15:32
General Scanning Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts (laser scanning and micropositioning, manufactures MicroArray Biochip Scanning System: ScanArrayTM). Now called GSI Lumonics
GeneScreen, Inc., The Genetics Profiling Company
GeneTrace Systems
Genetic Analysis Technology Consortium (GATC)
Genetic MicroSystems Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (instrumentation for DNA microarray-based analysis)
Genetix Ltd., Christchurch, Dorset, UK (Q-Bot, Q-Pix)
Genome Systems Inc., St. Louis, MO, a wholly owned subsidiary of Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc., GDA: Gene Discovery Array
Genometrix Inc., The Woodlands, Texas (Bioscanner?, GeneView®, Universal Arrays?, Risk-Tox)
Genomic Solutions, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Flexys? modular robotic system, GeneTAC? and Genomic Integrator? array analysis products automates the imaging and analysis of gene microarrays.)
Genosys Biotechnologies, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas (Panorama?E. coli Gene Arrays, 4,290 genes per array)
GENSET, Paris, France (specialized in pharmacogenomics)
Genzyme Molecular Oncology (SAGE®: Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
HP GeneArray Scanner (used by Affymetrix and others)
Hyseq Inc., Sunnyvale, California (Sequencing By Hybridization. HyX platform and Gene Discovery, HyGnostics, and HyChip? modules)
Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California. utilizes fiber optics, microfabrication, and advanced information processing to create arrays where 250,000 discrete sensors fit on a probe the diameter of the head of a pin.
I.M.A.G.E. Consortium: "Sharing resources to achieve a common goal - the discovery of all genes"
Imaging Research, Inc., St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. The company writes software, develops detection technologies, and integrates systems for image analysis. Its PC-based ArrayVisionTMsystem has been widely used for rapid and automated analysis of genome arrays.
Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California (GEM Microarrays, GeneJetTM array, LifeSeq® Database with estimated 100,000 genes, and LifeArray Microarray Software)
Intelligent Bio-Instruments, Cambridge, Massachusetts
JMAR's Precision Systems, Inc., Chatsworth, CA. Designer and manufacturer of UV exposure and mask aligner systems specifically designed for bio-chip manufacturers. Also produces custom micropositioning systems for micro-spotting equipment and high resolution dimensional metrology and defect inspection systems for quality assurance of bio-chips and DNA micro-arrays.
Labman AutomationLtd., North Yorkshire, TS9 5JY, UK (HDMS: Labman High-Density Microarray Spotter)
Lifecodes Corp., Stamford, Connecticut (Lifecodes MicroArray System: LMAS)
Micronics, Inc., Redmond, Washington. microfluidics based systems for application to clinical laboratory diagnostics: Microcytometer?, H-Filter?, T-Sensor?, and O.R.C.A. µFluidics.
Molecular Applications Group, Palo Alto, CA. Stingray? is integrated software and database products for gene expression, gene function, and gene sequence analysis from microarray data. It is integrated with and dependent upon the use of Affymetrix's GeneChip® system and its Expression Data Mining Tool (EDMT) software.
Molecular Dynamics, Inc., Sunnyvale, California (Storm® and FluorImager®
Molecular Tool, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland. Genetic Bit Analysis, GBA®, Genomatic?. Acquired by Orchid Biocomputer on September 14, 1998.
Nanogen, San Diego, California (Electronic Addressing, Concentration, and Hybridization)
NEN Life Science Products, Boston, MA (MICROMAX? Human cDNA Microarray System I for differential gene expression analysis)
Oncormed Inc., (acquired by Gene Logic in July, 1998) characterizes genes to establish their clinical relevancy and provides molecular profiling of patients for pharmacogenomic and therapeutic purposes
Orchid Biocomputer, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey (a Sarnoff company) microfluidic chips; applying microfabrication processes in glass, silicon, and other materials to create three dimensional structures. Contained within these devices are small capillary channels less than a millimeter wide. Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" Project: Polymerase Signaling Assay for DNA Variation Detection on Universal Processor Arrays It also has a Web site on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Packard Instrument Company, Meriden, Connecticut. (BioChip Arrayer)
Partek, Inc., St. Peters, Missouri. Provider of pattern recognition and data visualization software for science and engineering. Its Partek Pro 2000 system has been used by companies to analyze microarray gene expression data.
PE Applied Biosystems, Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" for project: Integrated, Micro-Sample Preparation System for Genetic Analysis
PharmaSeq, Inc., Monmouth Junction (near Princeton), NJ. Developer of microtransponder-based technology for DNA diagnostic assays. Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" for project: Multiplex DNA Diagnostic Assay Based on Microtransponders
Phase-1 Molecular Toxicology, Inc., Santa Fe, New Mexico. Molecular and high throughput toxicology using gene chips (Licensed from Xenometrix)
Proteome, Inc. 作者: NBA 时间: 2013-4-20 15:37
Protogene Laboratories, Palo Alto, California (Surface tension array on glass substrate; "Printing" reagents using drop-on-demand technology)
Radius Biosciences, Medfield, Massachusetts
Research Genetics, Huntsville, Alabama (GeneFilter)
Rosetta Inpharmatics, Kirkland, Washington.
Scanalytics, Inc. , Fairfax, VA. Its MicroArray Suite enables researchers to acquire, visualize, process, and analyze gene expression microarray data. Developed by scientists at the NIH's National Human Genome Research Institute.
Sequana Therapeutics (merged with Arris Pharmaceutical to become AxyS Pharmaceuticals), La Jolla, California
Sequenom, Hamburg, Germany, and San Diego, California (DNA MassArray, BiomassPROBE, Biomass SIZE, BiomassSEQUENCE, BiomassSCAN, BiomassINDEX, and SpectroChip)
Silicon Genetics, Redwood City, California (GeneSpring workbench for analyzing experiments based upon genomic expression experiments)
Spotfire, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts. Offers advanced data visualization capabilities including the ability to perform gene cluster analysis and metabolic pathway mapping. The Spotfire Array Explorer is ideal for any researcher performing microarray analysis.
Synomics Ltd., Cambridge, UK (bioinformatics)
Synteni, Inc., Fremont, California (acquired by Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in January 1998) (UniGEM? Gene Expression Microarray)
TeleChem International, Sunnyvale, California (offers whole system parts: ChipMaker, SmartChips, ArrayIt, Hybridization Cassette, ScanArray 3000, ImaGene Quantification Software)
Virtek Vision International Inc. (Ontario, Canada) ChipReader? is a high-sensitivity laser confocal system for rapid imaging of the DNA microarrays.
Vysis, Inc., Downers Grove, Illinois (CGH-Comparative Genomic Hybridization)
Xanthon, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. develops microplate based mini-arrays for high throughput screening of compounds for their effects on gene expression.
Xenometrix, Inc., Boulder, CO (Gene Profile Assay and bioinformatics for gene induction profile analysis; a demo is available)作者: NBA 时间: 2013-4-20 15:38
继2000年完成国际人类基因组测序(HUGO)1%任务之后,我国科学家又于2005年顺利完成了所承担了人类SNP(单核苷酸多态性)作图国际计划(HapMap)10%的任务,且国际公认我国科学家完成的质量是最好的;目前又发起并领导了“国际人类肝脏蛋白质组计划”(HLPP)。此外,在“十五”期间还独立完成了水稻、家蚕、血吸虫等重要物种的全基因组测序工作。作者: DONT 时间: 2013-4-20 15:40
相关疾病:
肿瘤
请问哪里有监测喉癌血清的蛋白质芯片? 还有多肿瘤蛋白质芯片的概念,是不是就是能检测十二种肿瘤标志物的芯片/作者: NBA 时间: 2013-4-20 15:41
see attached for some example:
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