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标题: [分享帖]凋亡形态学 [打印本页]

作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 15:48     标题: [分享帖]凋亡形态学

[分享帖]凋亡形态学


陆续将给出个人收集的凋亡图片,并尽可能给出详尽的解释,因为不是专业搞凋亡,解释错误的地方欢迎pm指正。另欢迎补充有价值图片!一起共建,自己学也帮别人学。因为不是基本知识传授,所以概念性的东西就不提了,以凋亡的形态学变化为重点,包括显微镜和电镜,可能还有DNA方面的。


这幅图很精辟的解释了凋亡的内涵,所以放在第一张,各位慢慢体会


[ 本帖最后由 一叶 于 2012-1-7 17:00 编辑 ]

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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 15:49

碧云天凋亡试剂盒hoechst33258染色,他们认为细胞发生凋亡时,染色质会固缩。 所以Hoechst染色时,细胞核会呈致密浓染,或呈碎块状致密浓染。

正常细胞核


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 15:49

刺激后有致密浓染的凋亡细胞

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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 15:50

The image below shows human lymphoma cells treated with the chemotherapy agent camptothecin. The cells that are undergoing apoptosis appear yellow and show the characteristic membrane blebbing (bubble formation)seen in cells dying via apoptosis.

这幅图是网上的,我想找到他的染色方法,可惜始终没找到。我给出来主要是给各位看荧光显微镜下凋亡小体的样子,这个问题曾经困惑我很久,群友们有兴趣可以看看。


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 15:51

全文:
cuturl('http://www.cancerquest.org/printfriendly.cfm?printsec=15')
里面的几个动画还是有点意思,不过,凋亡的这个,总觉得有点不对,我不多说,各位看看!

作者: TAT    时间: 2012-1-7 15:52

我想这副图片的细胞染色法应该是AO-EB染色法吧。因为我在做这种方法,觉得很简单,但效果明显,图片漂亮,只是假阳性稍高。
作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 15:52

Promega公司的DeadEnd™比色法细胞凋亡检测系统能标记片断化的DNA,而这种片段化的DNA被视为是细胞凋亡的典型生化特征之一。DeadEnd™比色法细胞凋亡检测系统是一种在组织切片与培养细胞中标记凋亡细胞核的理想方法,与此同时,还可以做形态学上的评估。本文中,将展示此种方法在细胞凋亡的原位细胞, 动物模型及多种病理学组织切片中的应用。
原文:
cuturl('http://www.promega.com.cn/notes/emgzf/2003-4/5.htm')

抗Fas单克隆抗体(50ng/ml;克隆CH-11,Oncor)诱导的Jurkat细胞的细胞凋亡。DeadEnd™比色法细胞凋亡检测系统标记Fas单克隆抗体处理过的细胞核(16小时),而未处理过的则未被染色(右下角插图)。


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 15:55

借这篇英文还是复习一下凋亡的起源和凋亡细胞的形态学特征,加深一下印象吧:
cuturl('http://www.eirxtherapeutics.com/kc1086_site/eirx_pages/apoptosis1.htm')
Apoptosis is of Greek origin meaning "falling off". The term is used in an analogy to the apparent suicide of leaves resulting in the very visible colour changes associated with the Autumn/Fall and that eventually leads to the leaves falling from the trees. Similiarly, cells go through a preordained sequence of events resulting in death and removal from the body.

Apoptosis is a regimented sequence of events, with each act being executed in a timed fashion. Its orderliness is often referred to as the "dance of death". Microscopic examination of the cell reveals that there are events occurring both externally and internally that can be listed as follows:

Externally:

Shrinkage or loss of volume of the cell
Blebbing on the surface of the cell
Externalisation of a phospholipids termed phosphatidylserine
Internally:

Condensation of cytoplasm
Breakdown in mitochondria integrity with the subsequent release of apoptosis inducing factors such as cytochrome c
Activation of caspases
Degradation of chromosomal DNA into 180-bp internuclosomal fragments
Degradation of a large number of proteins (>100) thought to be important in the cell survival and metabolism

这应该是个免疫组化的片子吧,我没做过
Two human tumour cells, one normal (left) and the second (right) undergoing apoptosis following exposure to cytotoxic drugs


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 15:56


楼上.DeadEnd™比色法细胞凋亡检测系统实验流程,链接失效就亏了,把流程也留下来吧


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 15:59


What happens during apoptosis?
To kill itself, a cell first makes a deadly chemical cocktail. It then separates itself from its neighbours, and unleashes the poisons. These include a substance that chews up the DNA in the cell nucleus, and a 'glue' that binds the inside of the cell together. Within a few hours, the cell shrinks, breaks up and is engulfed by other cells.

A cancer cell (mauve) undergoing apoptosis.
Dr Andrejs Liepins/Science Photo Library


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作者: abc816    时间: 2012-1-7 15:59

Apoptotic human keratinocytes that were fixed with paraformaldehyde and stained with fluorescein concanavalin A (C827). The cells were subsequently permeabilized with acetone, stained with propidium iodide (P1304, P3566, P21493) and visualized by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. This photomicrograph clearly shows that the green-fluorescent lectin staining outlines the apoptotic surface blebs, whereas the red-fluorescent propidium iodide stains the interior of the blebs. Image contributed by Livia Casciola-Rosen and Antony Rose, Johns Hopkins University. Reproduced from by copyright permission of the Rockefeller University Press.
凋亡的人类角化细胞被多聚甲醛固定,被荧光素标记的刀豆蛋白A染色。然后经丙酮渗透处理,被pi染色后能被共聚焦显微镜观察。本片显示的绿色荧光(外源性凝集素)勾勒出凋亡细胞表面的小泡,红色荧光(pi)被包被在其中。


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作者: abc816    时间: 2012-1-7 15:59

Apoptosis induced in Jurkat cells with 10 µM camptothecin. The cells were then treated with the reagents in the Vybrant Apoptosis Assay Kit #4 (V13243). Apoptotic cell nuclei were labeled with YO-PRO-1 dye (green) (Y3603). Necrotic cells were detected with propidium iodide (red)
10 µM喜树碱诱导的Jurkat cells(慢淋。G1检测点缺陷细胞) 凋亡。细胞然后经 Vybrant Apoptosis Assay Kit #4 (V13243).处理。凋亡细胞核被YO-PRO-1绿染,坏死细胞被pi红染。


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作者: abc816    时间: 2012-1-7 16:00


Jurkat human T-cell leukemia cells treated with 1 µM camptothecin. The externalized phosphatidylserine, a characteristic of early-stage apoptotic cells, was detected with Alexa Fluor 488 annexin V (A13201). The late-stage apoptotic and necrotic cells were stained with propidium iodide (P1304, P3566, P21493). The image was acquired using bandpass filters appropriate for fluorescein.
Jurkat 人类白血病T细胞经1微升喜树碱处理,ps外翻,早期凋亡特异性的特征被annexin-5检测到。晚期凋亡和坏死细胞被pi染色。本图是由相应的荧光滤光片获取的。


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作者: abc816    时间: 2012-1-7 16:01


HL-60 cells treated with camptothecin for three hours. The DNA strand nicks characteristic of apoptosis were detected with the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end-labeling) assay using the fluorescently labeled nucleotide, ChromaTide BODIPY FL-14-dUTP (C7614). Image contributed by Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Cancer Research Institute, New York Medical College.
HL-60 cells(急粒,p53缺陷)被喜树碱诱导3小时。DNA段端被荧光标记的脱氧核苷酸末端转移酶标记。


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作者: abc816    时间: 2012-1-7 16:02

Detection of apoptosis in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Following a six-hour exposure to hydrogen peroxide, cells were labeled with Hoechst 33342 (H1399, H3570, H21492), tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE, T669) and rhodamine 110, bis-L-aspartic acid amide (R22122) for 15 minutes. Apoptotic cells show green cytosolic fluorescence resulting from cleavage of the rhodamine 110, bis-L-aspartic acid amide substrate by active caspase-3. The staining pattern of the Hoechst 33342 dye reveals that the majority of the rhodamine 110–positive cells also contain condensed or fragmented nuclei characteristic of apoptosis. Furthermore, the rhodamine 110–positive cells are also characterized by an absence of polarized mitochondria, as indicated by their failure to load the positively charged mitochondrial indicator TMRE. The image was contributed by A.K. Stout and J.T. Greenamyre, Emory University.
这张太多了,哪位帮我翻译一下??呵呵。


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作者: abc816    时间: 2012-1-7 16:02


以上图片来自:cuturl('http://www.probes.com/servlets/gallery?id=recent')

作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:02

发育·线虫·凋亡
一个有关死亡之舞的科学故事
cuturl('http://magazine.oursci.org/200211/021101.htm')
…………出生之后,线虫的发育还将继续,从形态上,还需要经过3次蜕皮,从细胞数量上,一些器官的细胞还要继续分裂,比如,肠细胞还需要多来14个才够,而表皮细胞也还需要继续分裂直到数量达到213个。在这个数量继续增长的时期,细胞最多时达到1090(雌雄同体,若是雄虫则为1179)。然而,我们前面已经提到,完全成熟的成虫只有959个细胞,那么,多出的131个细胞又到哪里去了?面对这个问题,大家最先想到的答案一定是“它们死掉了”。这答案不错,不过它们在这里死亡的方式很有点独特。
  显然,若通过坏死来清除发育中多余的细胞是不明智的,那么,怎样做才恰如其分呢?看来一种受控制的,且加以严密保护的细胞消失方式是再好不过了。这正是在线虫发育中人们观察到的,那多出的131个细胞的死亡方式。它叫“凋亡”。
  凋亡是对英文单词apoptosis的意译。Apoptosis也是一个希腊文来源的词语,它原本写作απτωστσ,apo 来自απο意为 from,而-ptosis则从πτωστσ获得语源,意为"fall"(落下)。在希腊人那里,这个字眼所表达的正是花儿凋谢,树叶落下的景色。古诗中“一叶落而天下知秋”的意象恐怕正是再好不过的一种意境:优雅,含蓄,还带点淡淡的忧伤。因了内敛而不张扬,更因为飘落时那种虽然有些无奈却坦然以受之的美,古往今来的国画家和诗人总不乏对之表达敬意的举动,正所谓“零落成泥碾作尘,只有香如故”。
正因为发育中细胞死亡表现出的那种含蓄和内敛的美,注定了凋亡会成为一个绝佳的名词。这一死亡的舞蹈首先从细胞核跳起。由蛋白质构成核仁率先崩解,变成一些可以被染料染成深色的斑块。而由DNA组成的染色质则向包裹它们的核膜聚集,逐渐形成一些状似新月的致密斑,最后完全压缩成为一整块。这个过程被病理学家称为“核固缩”。电子显微镜下面,可以清晰的看到折叠起来的DNA链的断裂。随着核固缩形成,细胞的体积也开始缩小,细胞骨架逐渐断裂,起支撑作用的脚手架的倒塌使靠它们维持张力的各种胞膜塌陷。胶质胞浆的压力使膜塌陷的方向只能向内进行,于是已经断裂并聚成一团的细胞核被分割包被起来,形成一团又一团类似肥皂泡一样的圆球。而细胞外膜的内陷则把各种有可能造成广泛损害的化学杀手——各种威力强大的酶类也包裹起来。在这过程中,细胞膜表明的各种蛋白质-糖天线的结构也随着膜的变化而改变起来。当这些改变被周围细胞探测到,身体中专事打扫卫生的巨噬细胞应声而动,赶来把这些已经变成凋亡小体的细胞碎片一一吞进腹中,最终完成一个温和而井然有序的细胞死亡过程。
……………………

作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:03

线虫发育中细胞的凋亡:
用共聚焦显微镜观察线虫胚胎,在正常胚胎CED-4位于线粒体。而凋亡细胞CED-4(红色)和核纤层蛋白(绿色)在核被膜(黄色)均可见。该实验有助于揭示,在细胞凋亡中CED-4从线粒体易位到核被膜


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:04


cuturl('http://www.cmechina.net/cme/html/cme_K3000020/0703/text_4.htm')
(1)形态学特征:发生时首先是染色质的凝集,嗜碱性染色增强,然后细胞核崩解此时线粒体保持形态正常。最后细胞体积缩小,一部分细胞质和核碎片进入由膜包被的程序死亡小体,他们从细胞表面出芽脱落,并被巨噬细胞、上皮细胞吞噬。
  (2)生化特征:染色质降解,核小体间连接DNA部位被降解,产生寡聚核小体DNA片段,即180-200DP整数倍的不同长度的DNA片断。


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:04

midas 主任凋亡检测贴中,细胞形态学方面的资料:

1 光学显微镜和倒置显微镜
  (1) 未染色细胞:凋亡细胞的体积变小、变形,细胞膜完整但出现发泡现象,细胞凋亡晚期可见凋亡小体。贴壁细胞出现皱缩、变圆、脱落。
  (2) 染色细胞:常用姬姆萨染色、瑞氏染色等。凋亡细胞的染色质浓缩、边缘化,核膜裂解、染色质分割成块状和凋亡小体等典型的凋亡形态。
2 荧光显微镜和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜
  一般以细胞核染色质的形态学改变为指标来评判细胞凋亡的进展情况。
  常用的DNA特异性染料有:HO 33342 (Hoechst 33342),HO 33258 (Hoechst 33258), DAPI。三种种染料与DNA的结合是非嵌入式的,主要结合在DNA的A-T碱基区。紫外光激发时发射明亮的蓝色荧光。
  Hoechst是与DNA特异结合的活性染料,储存液用蒸馏水配成1mg/ml的浓度,使用时用PBS稀释,终浓度为10 ug/ml。
  DAPI为半通透性,用于常规固定细胞的染色。储存液用蒸馏水配成1mg/ml的浓度,使用终浓度一般为10 ug/ml。
  结果评判:细胞凋亡过程中细胞核染色质的形态学改变分为三期:Ⅰ期的细胞核呈波纹状(rippled)或呈折缝样(creased),部分染色质出现浓缩状态;Ⅱa期细胞核的染色质高度凝聚、边缘化;Ⅱb期的细胞核裂解为碎块,产生凋亡小体


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:16

不过我始终没有找到这种分类标准的文字依据。实际中也不好判定,各位战友有相关资料,热切盼望共享!

  3 透射电子显微镜观察
  结果评判:凋亡细胞体积变小,细胞质浓缩。凋亡Ⅰ期(pro-apoptosis nuclei)的细胞核内染色质高度盘绕,出现许多称为气穴现象(cavitations)的空泡结构(图2);Ⅱa期细胞核的染色质高度凝聚、边缘化;细胞凋亡的晚期,细胞核裂解为碎块,产生凋亡小体。


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:16

A comparison of normal and apoptotic cells.

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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:17

Double label ZO-1 immunofluorescence and apoptosis staining (tissue culture cells).

Rinse coverslips 1X in PBS.
Fix in -20oC methanol for 20 minutes

Keep Coplin jars in ethanol-dry ice bath.
Wash 3X 5 minutes in PBS.
Block with 10% goat serum in PBS for 30 minutes at RT.

Incubate with primary antibody.

Rabbit polyclonal anti-ZO-1 from ZYMED, 1:200 in PBS + 10% goat serum. Incubate for 1hr at 37oC in humid chamber.
Wash 3X 20 minutes in PBS.
Postfix in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes at RT.

Use 16% methanol free paraformaldehyde from Polysciences, diluted 1:4 in 1XPBS. Best done by using 4ml 10X PBS + 1 ampoule of 16% paraformaldehyde (10ml) and adjust the volume to 40ml by DI water.
Wash in PBS 1X5 min.
Block aldehydes in 100mM glycine in 0.5X PBS (pH 8.0) for 30 min. at RT.

Wash in PBS 2X5 min.

Block with 10% goat serum in PBS for 30 minutes at RT.

Incubate with secondary antibody.

Anti-rabbit IgG-Texas red conjugate (ICN), 1:100 in PBS + 10% goat serum. Incubate for 1hr at 37oC in humid chamber.
Incubate in 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min. at RT.
Wash 3X 20 minutes in PBS.

Remove excess liquid by tapping the slides and touching the edge of slides to absorbent paper.

Cover cells with 100 µl equilibration buffer and a piece of parafilm, to prevent drying and to spread the buffer evenly. Incubate at RT 5-10 min.

Remove parafilm and equilibration buffer from slides and touch the edge of slides to absorbent paper.

Incubate slides with labeling mix at 37oC for 60 min. covered with parafilm.

Labeling mix for a single reaction: 45 µl equilibration buffer, 5 µl nucleotide mix and 1 µl TdT enzyme. Multiply volumes with the number of samples.
Wash slides in 2XSSC for 15 min. at RT.
Immerse slides in Hoeshct solution for 10 min. at RT (1:5000 dilution of 1mg/ml stock in PBS).

Wash slides 3 X 5 min. in PBS.

Mount slides using anti-fade from Molecular probes.

If your procedure was successful, your result should look something like this
IEC-6 rat small intestinal epithelial cells were grown on glass coverslips and processed as described above. The three individual images in the following represent pseudo-colored fluorescence micrographs of nuclear stain with Hoeshct(top ), apoptosis stain with TUNEL staining (middle) and ZO-1 indirect immunofluorescence (bottom). The last image is a digital overlay of the three individual images. Staining was prepared by Luba Adler, MS.


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:33


middle


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:38


bottom


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 16:39

ast one
来源:
cuturl('http://pubweb.nwu.edu/~tji796/users/jilling/zo1apo.htm')


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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:40

http://www.cancerquest.org/printfriendly.cfm?printsec=15
里面的几个动画还是有点意思,不过,凋亡的这个,总觉得有点不对,我不多说,各位看看!我睡觉去了,呵呵!

怎么把原文中的这类动画保存下来?

作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:47

confocal microscopy共聚焦显微镜用于检测凋亡:英文比较简单,电子字典也多,我不翻译了。大家自己看也能练练英语,我已经废了.
PS标记:
Assymetry of plasma membranes is disturbed when a cell undergoes apoptosis. In normal, cycling cells, phosphatidylserine is found exclusively in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. In apoptotic cells phosphatidylserine is also found in the outer leaflet of the membrane and can be detected by annexin binding.
a schematic representation of the principle of detection of apoptosis by staining of plasma membranes with annexin


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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:47

a microscope image of a group of normal cells and one apototic cell which binds annexin (green) on the surface. Annexin is labeled with fluorescein

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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:48


In apoptosis condensation and fragmentation of chromatin occurs. Subsequently, nuclei loose their round or oval shape, bud and become fragmented - apoptotic bodies are formed

Nuclei of normal human fibroblasts in culture, in early spontaneous apoptosis


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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:48

Nuclei of normal human fibroblasts in culture, in advanced spontaneous apoptosis


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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:48

Apoptosis caused in HL60 cells by camptothecin (topoisomerase inhibitor). Images of nuclei in early apoptosis.

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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:49

Apoptosis caused in HL60 cells by camptothecin (topoisomerase inhibitor). Images of nuclei in mid apoptosis

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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:53

Apoptosis caused in HL60 cells by camptothecin (topoisomerase inhibitor). Images of nuclei in late apoptosis

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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:53


A schematic view of a nucleus in a cell undergoing apoptosis: healthy cell (top, right), early apoptosis (top, left), advanced apoptosis (bottom, right), late apoptosis (bottom, left).


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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:57

很多时候,我的体会,我们会分不清浓缩核,比如分裂后期、分裂末期的核。有时候会误认为是凋亡,所以有必要分清楚。
个人认为最大的区别是分裂后期的核是浓染的,但是通常都是成对的。
我用hoechst染色如此,别人的共聚焦也如此。
曾经看到有中文文献发了贴了一张凋亡染色的图,说浓染的是凋亡细胞,可我一看都是成对的浓染,无语中…………
希望后来人别犯这种低级的错误。所以看几张不同细胞周期的片子吧,hoechst染色中也能看到。
Subsequent stages of the cell division cycle. Histone H2B was tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). This made it possible to obtain fluorescence confocal microscopy images of chromatin.
Interphase nuclei


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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 16:58


Prophase nuclei


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 17:00

补充:
Anaphase nuclei


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作者: 一叶    时间: 2012-1-7 17:00

Anaphase nuclei

这个最容易唬人了。


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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 17:07

Figure , which shows time-lapse microscopy images of a trophoblast cell undergoing apoptosis

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作者: sunnyB    时间: 2012-1-7 17:07

HCMV IE1/2 PROTEINS BLOCK APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY TNF-ALPHA
IMAGED WITH JEOL 840 SEM
EXPERIMENT BY DR. HUA ZHU FROM THE LAB OF DR. THOMAS E. SHENK
[img 225 165]http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/SEM-IMAGES/hela-IE1.JPG[/img] [img 225 165]http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/SEM-IMAGES/hela-apoptosis.JPG[/img]
A) HELA CELLS CONSTITUTIVELY EXPRESSING HCMV IE1/2 PROTEINS RESISTANT TO TNF-ALPHA TREATMENT左
HELA CELLS NOT EXPRESSING THE VIRAL PROTEINS DIE FROM APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY TNF-ALPHA. NOTE MEMBRANE SHRINKAGE AND BLEBBING

作者: dotaaa    时间: 2012-1-7 17:08

我给大家贡献一张大鼠海马凋亡图:海马CA2-3区神经细胞原位凋亡检测
(TUNEL法,400X)


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作者: dotaaa    时间: 2012-1-7 17:08

原位细胞凋亡检测(TUNEL)法:
1 石蜡切片常规脱蜡至水。
2 切片滴加0.1%TritonX-100于4℃孵育5分钟,PBS缓冲液洗5分钟×3次。
3 每张切片滴加TUNEL标记反应混合液50ul,置于湿盒中,37℃孵育1小时。
4 PBS缓冲液洗5分钟×3次,擦干组织切片后,每张切片滴加AP转化液50ul,置于湿盒中,37℃孵育30分钟。
5PBS缓冲液洗5分钟×3次。
6 每张切片滴加BCIP/NBT显色液15-50ul,室温避光显色10-30分钟,光镜下观察。7、镜下显色满意后,PBS缓冲液洗2-3次终止显色反应。梯度酒精脱水、二甲苯透明后,中性树胶封片。
8、光镜下观察,凋亡阳性细胞为新月型或蚕豆状浓染,并可见蓝紫色凋亡小体。
(NBT : 氮蓝四唑 BCIP: 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-磷酸二钠

作者: junjie05    时间: 2012-1-7 17:11

apoptosis

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作者: 969    时间: 2012-1-7 17:12

我不知我做出的是什么东东.不敢贴这.我跟在(看看这是凋亡小体吗?)那个贴了.那位有兴趣能帮我看看吗?谢谢!急的很!
cuturl('http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=66&id=1109620&tpg=1&ppg=1&sty=1&age=0#1109620')

作者: BOSS2011    时间: 2012-1-7 17:12

hoechst33258染色的K562细胞.(凋亡)

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作者: 木槿    时间: 2012-1-7 17:15

用彗星试验观察细胞凋亡。
形态学:彗星呈明显的小头大尾。
原理:凋亡细胞产生的DNA片断大小相对均匀,所以出现在尾部的某一部分DNA片断较多,彗星尾较宽。此类图像在专题总结子版已经帖过了,这里为对比再帖一下,并附上一张非凋亡细胞的彗星图像的链接,(对照观察更直观)。不再重复发帖了。
cuturl('http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=66&id=2729243&sty=1&tpg=1&age=0')


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作者: abc816    时间: 2012-1-7 17:16

调亡细胞很明显吧?

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作者: 克隆鱼    时间: 2012-1-7 17:17

真实图片,周围有花瓣样结构的细胞正在调亡

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作者: wu11998866    时间: 2012-1-7 17:17


给大家看看我的凋亡细胞,用HOECHST33342染色,在荧光显微镜下观察


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作者: 薄荷侠    时间: 2012-1-7 17:17

请问大家:有没有细胞凋亡的电镜照片?在电镜下细胞凋亡的特征有哪些?如何辨认?
作者: 乌贼老弟    时间: 2012-1-7 17:18

我想这副图片的细胞染色法应该是AO-EB染色法吧。因为我在做这种方法,觉得很简单,但效果明显,图片漂亮,只是假阳性稍高。

建议IRAM建立细胞染色相关的帖子,并对AO-EB染色法进行简单的介绍,也希望可以把实验的经验介绍给大家
cuturl('http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=66&id=1533032&sty=1&tpg=1&age=0')

==============================================================================================================

楼上错了。这个不是AO-EB染色的。绿色的是TUNEL技术染的凋亡细胞,红色的是PI复染的坏死细胞。原文及原链接如下;cuturl('http://probes.invitrogen.com/servlets/photo?fileid=g001618&company=probes')
Human lymphoma cells treated with camptothecin for four hours and stained using the APO-BrdU TUNEL Assay Kit (A23210). Cells containing DNA strand nicks characteristic of apoptosis are detected by TUNEL and fluoresce green, while necrotic cells are stained with red-fluorescent propidium iodide.


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作者: caihong    时间: 2012-1-7 17:19

期刊 Apoptosis
出版社 Springer Netherlands
ISSN 1360-8185 (Print) 1573-675X (Online)
期 Volume 12, Number 5 / 2007年5月
DOI 10.1007/s10495-007-0720-1
页 803-813
Subject Collection 医学
SpringerLink Date 2007年2月13日
cuturl('http://www.springerlink.com/content/p288071007875466/?p=f58f62bd6dee4484a332d15351e4ccac&pi=0')

cuturl('http://www.springerlink.com/content/100124/?mode=allwords&k=Morphological&sortorder=asc&v=expanded&o=10')

作者: tianmei001    时间: 2012-1-7 17:19

这幅图解释凋亡很形象,很有意思。
作者: dotaaa    时间: 2012-1-7 17:22


图片好漂亮,能在每附图上标明是用什么染色剂染色的就更好了,嘿嘿!

不是我做人太贪心,是现在对共聚焦的东西比较感兴趣

作者: 北风那个吹    时间: 2012-1-7 17:22


版主介绍的真详细啊。可是对照我自己做的图片还不是很清楚,我做的这个是不是不行啊。。求指教。。


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