Kerr( 1972)最先提出凋亡的概念,与细胞坏死的区别是:
① 细胞通过出芽的方式形成许多凋亡小体;
② 凋亡小体内有结构完整的细胞器;
③ 不引起炎症;
④ 线粒体无变化,溶酶体活性不增加;
⑤ 内切酶活化,DNA有控降解,凝胶电泳图谱呈梯状;
⑥ 凋亡通常是生理性变化,而细胞坏死是病理性变化。
细胞程序性死亡(programmed cell death,PCD)是一种基因指导的细胞自我消亡方式。PCD和细胞凋亡的区别在以下方面:
① PCD是功能性概念,凋亡是形态学概念。
② PCD的最终结果是细胞凋亡,但细胞凋亡并非都是程序化的。
③ PCD存在于胚胎发育过程中。作者: yueban-1147 时间: 2012-2-22 14:54
Pathway Description
Survival requires the active inhibition of apoptosis, which is accomplished either by inhibiting caspases or by preventing their activation. The PI3K pathway, activated by many survival factors, leads to the activation of AKT, an important player in survival signaling. Activated AKT inhibits the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member BAD, directly inhibits caspase 9, and inhibits additional apoptotic pathways linked to FKHR and GSK3. Many growth factors and cytokines induce anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. The Jaks and Src hosphorylate and activate Stat 3, inducing the expression of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2. ERK1/2 and PKC activate p90RSK, which activates CREB and induces the expression of Bcl-XL and cl-2. These Bcl-2 family members protect the integrity of mitochondria, preventing cytochrome C release and the subsequent activation of caspase 9. TNF not only induces apoptosis by activating caspase 8 and 10, but can also inhibit apoptosis signaling via NF-kB, which induces the expression of IAP, an inhibitor of caspases 3, 7 and 9. et al., 1999; Datta et al., 1999); (Bonni et al., 1999; Datta et al., 1999).
References
Bonni, A. et al. (1999). Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Science 286, 1358–1362.
Datta, S.R. et al. (1999). Cellular survival: a play in three Akts. Genes Dev.13, 2905–2927.
你的这些和链接里的大量图实际上都在cell signal transduction公司也就是以前的NEB new england biolab公司的网页上,是转载还是cst原创我没有留意。作者: yueban-1147 时间: 2012-2-22 14:56
cell signal transduction公司还没有接触过。图片从不同的地方搜集来的,最初的原创我也无从考证,集中到一起,应该是学习细胞凋亡比较好的参考资料。gzgygy站友对凋亡很有研究吧,刚刚去CST网站看了一下,确实有很多精美的图片,没有发现同以上重复的图片,有很多好的PP值得学习^_^ 谢谢!请多多赐教