南京地区大气冰核浓度的测量及分析

基金:  国家自然科学基金资助项目41030962, 江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目PAPD,江苏省2011年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目,高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类资助课题20113228110002,国家自然科学基金资助项目40975084
中文关键词:  大气冰核  混合型云室  静力扩散云室
英文关键词:  Atmospheric ice nuclei  Mixing cloud chamber  Static diffusion cold chamber
　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　
作者中文名        作者英文名        单位
杨磊        YANG Lei        南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,南京 210044
银燕        YIN Yan        南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,南京 210044
杨绍忠        YANG Shaozhong        中国气象科学研究院中国气象局云雾物理重点开放实验室,北京 100081
蒋惠        JIANG Hui        南京信息工程大学中国气象局大气物理与大气环境重点开放实验室,南京 210044
肖辉        XIAO Hui        南京信息工程大学中国气象局大气物理与大气环境重点开放实验室,南京 210044
陈倩        CHEN Qian        南京信息工程大学中国气象局大气物理与大气环境重点开放实验室,南京 210044
苏航        SU Hang        南京信息工程大学中国气象局大气物理与大气环境重点开放实验室,南京 210044
陈聪        CHEN Cong        南京信息工程大学中国气象局大气物理与大气环境重点开放实验室,南京 210044
引用:杨磊,银燕,杨绍忠,蒋惠,肖辉,陈倩,苏航,陈聪.2013.南京地区大气冰核浓度的测量及分析[J].大气科学,37(3):579-594,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.11242.
Citation:YANG Lei,YIN Yan,YANG Shaozhong,JIANG Hui,XIAO Hui,CHEN Qian,SU Hang and CHEN Cong.2013.Measurement and Analysis of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei in Nanjing[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),37(3):579-594,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.11242.
中文摘要:
      2011年5～8月期间使用5L混合型云室以及静力扩散云室对南京不同成核机制的大气冰核进行了观测,进而分析了近地层冰核浓度特征。结果表明：活化温度为－20°C时,5L混合型云室观测的总冰核浓度为20.11个/L,静力扩散云室模拟高水汽(计算的云室内水面过饱和度为5%)和低水汽(计算的云室内冰面过饱和度为5%)条件下冰核浓度分别为0.93个/L以及0.29个/L。晴好条件下冰核浓度具有明显的日变化特征,白天冰核浓度高于夜间；在下午时段冰核浓度达到全天最高值,这说明大气冰核可能与大气湍流强度、人类活动以及工业污染有关。降水对冰核的清除作用明显,台风系统过程中冰核浓度明显增加。南京地区冰核浓度随温度降低和湿度增加而增加。后向轨迹模式分析表明东北海洋气团冰核浓度最高,不同气团中冰核浓度的差异随着活化温度的降低而减小。个例分析秸秆燃烧生成的PM1(大气中直径小于或者等于1 μm的颗粒物)与冰核关系发现燃烧产物对冰核有一定的贡献。
Abstract:
      The Ice Nuclei (IN) were observed in Nanjing from May to August 2011 using a 5 L mixing cloud chamber and a static diffusion cloud chamber, and the characteristics of different ice nuclei concentrations were examined. The results show that during the observation period, the mean concentration of total ice nuclei measured by the 5 L mixing cloud chamber was 20.11 L-1, the concentration of IN under high water vapor conditions (5% calculated supersaturation with respect to water) and low water vapor conditions (5% calculated supersaturation with respect to ice) measured by the static diffusion cloud chamber was 0.928 L-1 and 0.291 L-1, respectively. The IN under favorite conditions had a diurnal variation. The daytime concentration of IN was larger than that at night and peaked in the afternoon, which indicates that atmospheric IN is significantly influenced by turbulence intensity, human activities, and industrial pollution. The scavenging effect of precipitation on IN was obvious, and the concentration of IN increased during the typhoon system. The IN levels in the Nanjing area increased with decreasing temperatures and increasing humidity. The back trajectory model showed that the concentration of ice nuclei in the air mass from the northeast marine region was highest, and that the number of ice nuclei in different air masses decreased with decreasing activation temperature. A case analysis focused on the relationship between IN and PM1 (the particulate matter with diameter less than or equal to 1 mm) produced by biomass burning suggested that the product of the combustion may contribute to IN.